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- Title
Encephalitozoon hellem infection after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a case report.
- Authors
Yue Shang; Yuanyuan Ren; Lipeng Liu; Xia Chen; Fang Liu; Xiaolan Li; Yang Wan; Wenbin An; Wenyu Yang; Xiaofan Zhu; Ye Guo
- Abstract
Background: Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem) infection is a zoonotic disease, rarely observed in individuals, causing various clinical manifestations including diarrhea, keratoconjunctivitis, cystitis, etc. E. hellem infection after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rare, serious complication. Case presentation: Herein, we present a case of E. hellem infection developing during HLA-haploidentical HSCT in a 9-year-old boy who suffered from aplastic anemia. On 15 days after HSCT, the patient developed recurrent and prolonged fever, diarrhea and hematuria. It is challenging to differentiate whether the symptoms mentioned in this case are caused by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or a specific infection. Based on the result of metagenomic nextgeneration sequencing (mNGS) and clinical observation, the patient was diagnosed as E. hellem infection, and received albendazole and decreased the immunosuppressive treatment. Finally, he had recovered. Conclusion: We should pay attention to the uncommon disease caused by the E. hellem infection after HSCT, especially in cases with immune reconstitution unrecovered. Among those rare infection, mNGS can be performed for better understanding the source of infection and targeted therapy, which can benefit the patients.
- Subjects
HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation; IMMUNE reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; STEM cell transplantation; Q fever; APLASTIC anemia; ZOONOSES; GRAFT versus host disease
- Publication
Frontiers in Immunology, 2024, p1
- ISSN
1664-3224
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396260