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- Title
Generation of time-synchronized two-color X-ray free-electron laser pulses using phase shifters.
- Authors
Cho, Myung-Hoon; Kang, Teyoun; Yang, Haeryong; Kim, Gyujin; Kwon, Seong-Hoon; Moon, Kook-Jin; Nam, Inhyuk; Min, Chang-Ki; Heo, Hoon; Kim, Changbum; Kang, Heung-Sik; Shim, Chi Hyun
- Abstract
To optimize the intensity of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), phase shifters, oriented in phase with the phases of the XFEL pulse and electron beam, are typically installed at undulator lines. Although a π-offset between the phases (i.e., an "out-of-phase" configuration) can suppress the XFEL intensity at resonant frequencies, it can also generate a side-band spectrum, which results in a two-color XFEL pulse; the dynamics of such a pulse can be described using the spontaneous radiation or low gain theory. This attributes of this two-color XFEL pulse can be amplified (log-scale amplification) through an undulator line with out-of-phase phase shifters. In this study, the features of two-color XFEL pulses were evaluated through theory, simulations and experiments performed at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser. The XFEL gain slope and energy separation between the two-color spectral peaks were consistent through theoretical expectation, and the results of simulation and experiment. The experimentally determined two-color XFEL pulse energy was 250 μJ at a photon energy of 12.38 keV with a separation of 60 eV.
- Subjects
FREE electron lasers; PHASE shifters; X-ray lasers; LASER pulses; ELECTRON beams
- Publication
Scientific Reports, 2023, Vol 13, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2045-2322
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41598-023-39322-z