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- Title
Improvements To The Method Of Fourier Shape Analysis As Applied In Morphometric Studies.
- Authors
Haines, A. John; Crampton, James S.
- Abstract
Fourier outline shape analysis is a powerful tool for the morphometric study of two-dimensional form in organisms lacking many biologically homologous landmarks. Several improvements to the method are described herein; these modifications are incorporated into the new computer programs H<E5>angle</E5>, H<E5>match</E5>and H<E5>curve</E5>. First, automated tracing of outlines using image capture software, although desirable, results in high frequency pixel 'noise' that can corrupt the Fourier analysis. Program H<E5>angle</E5>eliminates this noise using optional and variable levels of outline smoothing. Secondly, a widely used Fourier technique, elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA, Kuhl and Giardina 1982), yields coefficients that are not computationally independent of each other, a condition that hampers and compromises statistical analysis. In addition, EFA increasingly downweights successively more detailed features of the outline. Program H<E5>angle</E5>solves both of these problems. Lastly, Fourier methods in general are sensitive to the placement of the starting position of the digitized trace. This problem is acute when the organisms under study have no unambiguously defined, homologous point on the outline from which to start the trace. Program H<E5>angle</E5>allows the user to normalize for starting position using various properties of individual outlines. Alternatively, H<E5>match</E5>takes a new approach and can be used to normalize using properties of the entire population under study.<E5>key words</E5>: Fourier shape analysis, morphometric studies, new computer programs, foraminiferal outlines.
- Subjects
FOURIER analysis; GEOMETRIC shapes; MATHEMATICAL analysis
- Publication
Palaeontology, 2000, Vol 43, Issue 4, p765
- ISSN
0031-0239
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/1475-4983.00148