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- Title
A Hybrid Biological-Adsorption Approach for the Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater Using Immobilized Nanoclay-Algae Mixtures.
- Authors
Mollamohammada, Sara; Aly Hassan, Ashraf; Dahab, Mohamed; Kumar, Sandeep; Smith, James A.; Dorea, Caetano C.
- Abstract
Mixing the Scenedesmus species with nanoclay and immobilizing in sodium alginate was evaluated as a sustainable treatment method for removing nitrate, atrazine, and metals from groundwater. Gel beads containing the hybrid mixture removed 100% of 10 mg/L N nitrate and 98% of 100 µg/L atrazine from synthetic groundwater in three days. The optimal amount of nanoclay was found to be 0.30 mg per bead. The experimental data fit well into a Freundlich adsorption isotherm and followed pseudo first-order kinetics. When tested in actual groundwater, 91% of nitrate and 100% of Cr, Se, and V were eliminated in three days without need for any nutrients or carbon source. Immobilizing algal beads embedded with nanoclay is a natural, low-cost alternative for groundwater treatment. The gel beads can be reused for at least two cycles without a compromise in performance. They are water-insoluble, easy to harvest, and offer high removal efficiency.
- Subjects
ATRAZINE; GROUNDWATER purification; FREUNDLICH isotherm equation; GROUNDWATER; MIXTURES; SODIUM alginate
- Publication
Water (20734441), 2021, Vol 13, Issue 5, p633
- ISSN
2073-4441
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/w13050633