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- Title
Chondrocranial variation in chicken domestication.
- Authors
Núñez‐León, Daniel; Nagashima, Hiroshi; Sánchez‐Villagra, Marcelo R.
- Abstract
The chondrocranium is a key structure of the skull, but our knowledge of its embryonic development is based mostly on investigations of few stages across taxa. Variation of chondrocranial features is known across species, but little is known about intraspecific variation, or its evolution in the context of domestication. Here, we investigated two specific structures of the chondrocranium in three windows of embryonic development. The anatomy of one of these structures was also compared among adult skulls of chickens and their wild ancestor (red junglefowl [RJF]). The proccesus tectalis and the prenasal process, along with the surrounding area of the orbitonasal foramina, presented variation throughout the ontogeny and in the adults. The processus tectalis showed distinct variation from the earliest stage studied to the adult. The numbers of orbitonasal foramina were also found to be variable in the ancestor and breeds studied. Furthermore, during early embryonic development, the prenasal process is similar across breeds and RJF, but later in embryonic development this structure presents variable states. The embryonic and adult variation found herein could be an example of intraspecific variation under domestication, resulting from different types of tissue interrelationship during development. Research Highlights: Comparing the living ancestor of chickens (red junglefowl) and four chicken breeds, the chondrocranium was found variable during embryonic development and adults, contrasting former studies on particular structures of the chicken chondrocranium.The embryonic variation found here could be linked to the adult skull anatomy and to behavior in chickens too. This variation might come from different types of tissue interrelationship during embryonic development that give rise to complex structures.This study offers a first step for future examinations on the effect of domestication and the chondrocranium, as also the study of the underlying developmental mechanisms of morphological variation.
- Subjects
CHICKEN breeds; EMBRYOLOGY; POULTRY breeding; CHICKENS; ADULT development; ONTOGENY; BRACHYCEPHALY
- Publication
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular & Developmental Evolution, 2022, Vol 338, Issue 8, p505
- ISSN
1552-5007
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/jez.b.23177