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- Title
Effect of Alcohol and Tobacco Smoke on Long-Term Memory and Cell Proliferation in the Hippocampus of Rats.
- Authors
Gomez, Rosane; Schneider Jr, Ricardo; Quinteros, Dayane; Santos, Carolina Ferreira; Bandiera, Solange; Thiesen, Flavia Valadão; Coitinho, Adriana Simon; da Cruz Fernandes, Marilda; Wieczorek, Marina Godinho; Schneider, Ricardo Jr; Fernandes, Marilda da Cruz
- Abstract
<bold>Introduction: </bold>Alcohol is frequently used in combination with tobacco and few studies explore interactions between these two drugs of abuse. Here, we evaluated the effect of chronic alcohol administration and concomitant exposure to tobacco smoke on long-term memory and on cell proliferation in the hippocampus of rats.<bold>Methods: </bold>Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups and treated with alcohol (2g/kg by gavage) and/or exposed to tobacco smoke (from six cigarettes, by inhalation) twice a day (at 9:00 AM and 2:00 PM) for 30 days. Long-term memory was evaluated in the inhibitory avoidance test and hippocampal cell proliferation was analyzed for bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry.<bold>Results: </bold>Our results showed that alcohol, tobacco smoke, or their combination improved the long-term memory evaluated by the memory index in rats. Moreover, alcohol and tobacco coadministration decreased bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells by 60% when compared to the control group, while alcohol treatment decreased labeled cells by 40%. The tobacco group showed a nonsignificant 26% decrease in labeled cells compared to the control group.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Chronic alcohol and tobacco coadministration improves the long-term memory in rats in the inhibitory avoidance test. However, coadministration decreases the cell proliferation in the hippocampus of rats, suggesting a deleterious effect by the combined use of these drugs of abuse.
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of alcohol; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of tobacco; LONG-term memory; CELL proliferation; HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain); DRUG abuse; LABORATORY rats; HIPPOCAMPUS physiology; ANIMAL experimentation; ANIMALS; CELL physiology; ETHANOL; MEMORY; RATS; SMOKING; TOBACCO; INHALATION administration
- Publication
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015, Vol 17, Issue 12, p1442
- ISSN
1462-2203
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntv051