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- Title
Universal process-inert encoding architecture for polymer microparticles.
- Authors
Jiseok Lee; Srinivas, Rathi L.; Jae Jung Kim; Doyle, Patrick S.; Bisso, PaulW.; Swiston, Albert J.
- Abstract
Polymer microparticles with unique, decodable identities are versatile information carriers with a small footprint. Widespread incorporation into industrial processes, however, is limited by a trade-off between encoding density, scalability and decoding robustness in diverse physicochemical environments. Here, we report an encoding strategy that combines spatial patterning with rare-earth upconversion nanocrystals, single-wavelength near-infrared excitation and portable CCD (charge-coupled device)-based decoding to distinguish particles synthesized by means of flow lithography. This architecture exhibits large, exponentially scalable encoding capacities (>106 particles), an ultralow decoding false-alarm rate (<10-9), the ability to manipulate particles by applying magnetic fields, and pronounced insensitivity to both particle chemistry and harsh processing conditions. We demonstrate quantitative agreement between observed and predicted decoding for a range of practical applications with orthogonal requirements, including covert multiparticle barcoding of pharmaceutical packaging (refractive-index matching), multiplexed microRNA detection (biocompatibility) and embedded labelling of high-temperature-cast objects (temperature resistance).
- Subjects
MANUFACTURING processes; NANOCRYSTALS; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; CHEMICAL resistance; FLOW cytometry; ANISOTROPY; NANOSTRUCTURED materials
- Publication
Nature Materials, 2014, Vol 13, Issue 5, p524
- ISSN
1476-1122
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/NMAT3938