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- Title
The Effects of High Pressure on the Point of No Return in Simulated Penalty Kicks.
- Authors
Navarro, Martina; Miyamoto, Nelson; van der Kamp, John; Morya, Edgard; Ranvaud, Ronald; Savelsbergh, Geert J. P.
- Abstract
We investigated the effects of high pressure on the point of no return or the minimum time required for a kicker to respond to the goalkeeper's dive in a simulated penalty kick task. The goalkeeper moved to one side with different times available for the participants to direct the ball to the opposite side in low-pressure (acoustically isolated laboratory) and high-pressure situations (with a participative audience). One group of participants showed a significant lengthening of the point of no return under high pressure. With less time available, performance was at chance level. Unexpectedly, in a second group of participants, high pressure caused a qualitative change in which for short times available participants were inclined to aim in the direction of the goalkeeper's move. The distinct effects of high pressure are discussed within attentional control theory to reflect a decreasing efficiency of the goal-driven attentional system, slowing down performance, and a decreasing effectiveness in inhibiting stimulus-driven behavior.
- Subjects
PENALTY kicks (Soccer); SOCCER goalkeepers; LOW pressure (Science); SOCCER players; HIGH pressure (Science)
- Publication
Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2012, Vol 34, Issue 1, p83
- ISSN
0895-2779
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1123/jsep.34.1.83