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- Title
Metabolomics-based study of chemical compositions in cellulase additives derived from a tobacco-origin Bacillus subtilis and their impact on tobacco sensory attributes.
- Authors
Chen, Xiaofeng; Long, Teng; Huang, Shixin; Chen, Yiqiang; Lu, Hongliang; Jiang, Zhenkun; Cheng, Cheng; Li, Jingjing; Chen, Shanyi; He, Wei; Tang, Xu; Fan, Jianqiang
- Abstract
To enhance the quality of tobacco leaves and optimize the smoking experience, diverse strains of functional bacteria and their associated metabolites have been used in tobacco aging. Exogenous cellulase additives are frequently employed to facilitate the degradation of cellulose and other macromolecular matrices and enhance the quality of the tobacco product. However, little is known about how microbial metabolites present in exogenous enzyme additives affect tobacco quality. In this study, crude cellulase solutions, produced by a tobacco-originating bacterium Bacillus subtilis FX-1 were employed on flue-cured tobacco. The incorporation of cellulase solutions resulted in the reduction of cellulose crystallinity in tobacco and the enhancement of the overall sensory quality of tobacco. Notably, tobacco treated with cellulase obtained from laboratory flask fermentation demonstrated superior scent and flavor attributes in comparison to tobacco treated with enzymes derived from industrial bioreactor fermentation. The targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed the presence of diverse flavor-related precursors and components in the cellulase additives, encompassing sugars, alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, and others. The majority of these metabolites exhibited significantly higher levels in the flask group compared to the bioreactor group, probably contributing to a pronounced enhancement in the sensory quality of tobacco. Our findings suggest that the utilization of metabolic products derived from B. subtilis FX-1 as additives in flue-cured tobacco holds promise as a viable approach for enhancing sensory attributes, establishing a solid theoretical foundation for the potential development of innovative tobacco aging additives. Cellulase solutions obtained from Bacillus subtilis FX-1, a bacterium originating from tobacco, were applied to flue-cured tobacco during the aging process. The cellulase structure of tobacco was analyzed using 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Sensory evaluation was utilized to assess the sensory attributes and quality characteristics. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics were utilized to investigate the chemical components present in the cellulase solutions. The inclusion of cellulase additives altered the cellulose structure in tobacco and introduced various flavor-related precursors and components. The utilization of cellulase additives derived from B. subtilis FX-1 substantially improved the overall quality of the tobacco product.
- Publication
Archives of Microbiology, 2024, Vol 206, Issue 4, p1
- ISSN
0302-8933
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00203-024-03876-x