Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world, and it seriously harms human health. Recent studies have found that bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) might be associated with NAFLD. This article reviews the latest advances in the research on the association between BMP4 and NAFLD in China and globally and explores the potential mechanism of action of BMP4 on NAFLD, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.