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- Title
Functional Identification of Olfactory Receptors of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) for Plant Odor.
- Authors
Cheng, Jianjun; Gui, Jiawei; Yao, Xiaoming; Zhao, Hong; Zhou, Yujie; Du, Yongjun
- Abstract
Simple Summary: The rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is a migratory insect pest threatening rice production. Monitoring its population dynamics is a critical component of the integrated management system for this pest. Plant odor-trapping has been used as a tool for population monitoring. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the molecular mechanism by which the C. medinalis moth recognizes the plant odor. In the present study, we amplified 12 odor receptor genes and tested differential expression of these genes in male and female moths of C. medinalis. We identified the function of three olfactory receptor genes in C. medinalis. CmedOR31 was a specific receptor for geraniol, and CmedOR32 was a broad-spectrum OR receptor that responds to both foliar odor and floral scent. The ligands of CmedOR1 were linalool, phenethyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, and phenylacetaldehyde. CmedOR1 belonged to a unique conserved OR lineage that strongly responded to phenylacetaldehyde in the evolution of Glossata species, and the OR1 expression in C. medinalis antennae was significantly higher in females than in males. CmedOR1 was the odor receptor for C. medinalis adults to locate food sources. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a migratory insect pest on rice crops. The migratory C. medinalis population in a particular location may be immigrants, local populations, emigrants, or a mix of these. Immigrants are strongly attracted to plant odor. We conducted research to identify the olfactory receptors in a floral scent mixture that is strongly attractive to C. medinalis. Through gene cloning, 12 olfactory receptor (OR) genes were amplified and expressed in Xenopus oocytes in vitro, and three of them were found to be responsive to plant foliar and floral volatiles. These were CmedOR31, a specific receptor for geraniol; CmedOR32, a broad-spectrum OR gene that responded to both foliar and floral odors; and CmedOR1, which strongly responded to 10−4 M phenylacetaldehyde. The electrophysiological response to phenylacetaldehyde was extremely high, with a current of 3200 ± 86 nA and an extremely high sensitivity. We compared the phylogenetic tree and sequence similarity of CmedOR genes and found that CmedOR1 belonged to a uniquely conserved OR pedigree in the evolution of Glossata species, and the ORs of this pedigree strongly responded to phenylacetaldehyde. The expression of OR1 was significantly higher in the females than in the males. Localization of CmedOR1 in the antennae of C. medinalis by fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that CmedOR1 was expressed in both males and females. CmedOR1 may be an odor receptor used by females to locate food sources. The function of these ORs and their role in pest monitoring were discussed.
- Subjects
OLFACTORY receptors; CRAMBIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; MOLECULAR cloning; FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization; RICE diseases &; pests; EXCITATORY amino acids
- Publication
Insects (2075-4450), 2023, Vol 14, Issue 12, p930
- ISSN
2075-4450
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/insects14120930