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- Title
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas: diagnosis and pitfalls.
- Authors
Konukiewitz, Björn; Jesinghaus, Moritz; Kasajima, Atsuko; Klöppel, Günter
- Abstract
Common to neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas is their expression of synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and/or INSM1. They differ, however, in their histological differentiation and molecular profile. Three groups can be distinguished: well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (neuroendocrine tumors), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (neuroendocrine carcinomas), and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms. However, the expression of synaptophysin and, to a lesser extent, also chromogranin A is not restricted to the neuroendocrine neoplasms, but may also be in a subset of non-neuroendocrine epithelial and non-epithelial neoplasms. This review provides the essential criteria for the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms including diagnostic clues for the distinction of high-grade neuroendocrine tumors from neuroendocrine carcinomas and an algorithm avoiding diagnostic pitfalls in the delineation of non-neuroendocrine neoplasms with neuroendocrine features from pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
- Subjects
PANCREATIC tumors; NERVE tissue proteins; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; PROTEIN precursors; NEUROENDOCRINE tumors; TUMOR markers; TUMOR grading
- Publication
Virchows Archiv: European Journal of Pathology, 2022, Vol 480, Issue 2, p247
- ISSN
0945-6317
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00428-021-03211-5