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- Title
Maximum likelihood estimation of vehicle position for outdoor image sensor-based visible light positioning system.
- Authors
Xiang Zhao; Jiming Lin
- Abstract
Image sensor-based visible light positioning can be applied not only to indoor environments but also to outdoor environments. To determine the performance bounds of the positioning accuracy from the view of statistical optimization for an outdoor image sensor-based visible light positioning system, we analyze and derive the maximum likelihood estimation and corresponding Cramér-Rao lower bounds of vehicle position, under the condition that the observation values of the light-emitting diode (LED) imaging points are affected by white Gaussian noise. For typical parameters of an LED traffic light and in-vehicle camera image sensor, simulation results show that accurate estimates are available, with positioning error generally less than 0.1 m at a communication distance of 30 m between the LED array transmitter and the camera receiver. With the communication distance being constant, the positioning accuracy depends on the number of LEDs used, the focal length of the lens, the pixel size, and the frame rate of the camera receiver.
- Subjects
LIGHT emitting diode design &; construction; LIGHT sources; PHOTOELECTRIC devices; OPTICAL sensors; SPECTRUM analysis
- Publication
Optical Engineering, 2016, Vol 55, Issue 4, p043104-1
- ISSN
0091-3286
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1117/1.OE.55.4.043104