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- Title
Negligible‐Pb‐Waste and Upscalable Perovskite Deposition Technology for High‐Operational‐Stability Perovskite Solar Modules.
- Authors
Jiang, Yan; Remeika, Mikas; Hu, Zhanhao; Juarez‐Perez, Emilio J.; Qiu, Longbin; Liu, Zonghao; Kim, Taehoon; Ono, Luis K.; Son, Dae‐Yong; Hawash, Zafer; Leyden, Matthew R.; Wu, Zhifang; Meng, Lingqiang; Hu, Jinsong; Qi, Yabing
- Abstract
An upscalable perovskite film deposition method combining raster ultrasonic spray coating and chemical vapor deposition is reported. This method overcomes the coating size limitation of the existing stationary spray, single‐pass spray, and spin‐coating methods. In contrast with the spin‐coating method (>90% Pb waste), negligible Pb waste during PbI2 deposition makes this method more environmentally friendly. Outstanding film uniformity across the entire area of 5 cm × 5 cm is confirmed by both large‐area compatible characterization methods (electroluminescence and scattered light imaging) and local characterization methods (atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence mapping, UV–vis, and X‐ray diffraction measurements on multiple sample locations), resulting in low solar cell performance decrease upon increasing device area. With the FAPb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (FA = formamidinium) perovskite layer deposited by this method, champion solar modules show a power conversion efficiency of 14.7% on an active area of 12.0 cm2 and an outstanding shelf stability (only 3.6% relative power conversion efficiency decay after 3600 h aging). Under continuous operation (1 sun light illumination, maximum power point condition, dry N2 atmosphere with <5% relative humidity, no encapsulation), the devices show high light‐soaking stability corresponding to an average T80 lifetime of 535 h on the small‐area solar cells and 388 h on the solar module. A negligible‐Pb‐waste and upscalable perovskite film processing method combining raster ultrasonic spray coating and chemical vapor deposition is developed. Perovskite solar module shows a power conversion efficiency of 14.7% on 12 cm2 active area, much lower substrate size dependence than the spin‐coating method, and outstanding operational stability near the maximum power point under 1 sun illumination (T80 lifetime of 388 h).
- Subjects
PEROVSKITE; CHEMICAL vapor deposition; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ATOMIC force microscopy; X-ray diffraction measurement; LIGHT scattering
- Publication
Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, Vol 9, Issue 13, pN.PAG
- ISSN
1614-6832
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/aenm.201803047