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- Title
Mitigation of Karenia brevis Cells and Brevetoxins Using Curcumin, a Natural Supplement.
- Authors
Hall, Emily R.; Heil, Cynthia A.; Frankle, Jessica D.; Klass, Sarah; Devillier, Victoria; Lovko, Vincent; Toyoda, Jennifer H.; Pierce, Richard
- Abstract
Curcumin, a natural plant product, was investigated as a mitigation tool against Karenia brevis, the toxic dinoflagellate responsible for Florida red tides. A series of laboratory bench-top studies were conducted with additions of 0.1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L curcumin to K. brevis at an average of 1.0 × 106 cells/L to determine the efficacy of curcumin against K. brevis cells and brevetoxins and to optimize treatment dosage. Treatment with 5 mg/L of curcumin reduced K. brevis cell abundance by 89% and total brevetoxins by 60% within 24 h. Lower concentrations of curcumin (0.1–3 mg/L) exhibited between a 2 and 45% reduction in K. brevis and a reduction in brevetoxins of between 2 and 44% within 24 h. At the highest curcumin doses, 30 and 40 mg/L, a 100% reduction in cell abundance was observed by 6 h, with reduction in total brevetoxins by at least 64% in 48 h. These results suggest that curcumin, used alone or potentially in combination with other technologies, is a promising K. brevis bloom mitigation option.
- Subjects
FLORIDA; KARENIA brevis; CURCUMIN; RED tide; PLANT products; NATURAL products; ALGAL blooms
- Publication
Water (20734441), 2024, Vol 16, Issue 10, p1458
- ISSN
2073-4441
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/w16101458