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- Title
Dynamic Changes in the Immune Response Correlate with Disease Severity and Outcomes During Infection with SARS-CoV-2.
- Authors
Zheng, Fang; Chen, Ruochan; Yao, Run; Huang, Yaxiong; Tan, Xin; Liu, Jiyang; Li, Ning; Xie, Yuanlin
- Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout China and worldwide. Little is known about the dynamic changes in the patient immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and how different responses are correlated with disease severity and outcomes. Methods: Seventy-four patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this prospective research. The demographic information, medical history, symptoms, signs and laboratory results were analyzed and compared between severe and non-severe patients. The leukocytes, lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines were longitudinally collected. Results: Of the 74 patients included, 17 suffered from severe disease. The severe patients tended be older (65.29 ± 12.33 years vs. 45.37 ± 18.66 years) and had a greater degree of underlying disease (41.18% vs. 24.56%), lower baseline lymphocyte counts [0.64 (0.46–0.95) × 109 vs. 1.27 (0.95–1.70) × 109], higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratios [NLRs; 3.76 (3.15–5.51) vs. 2.07 (1.48–2.93)] and lower baseline eosinophil counts [0 (0–0.01) × 109 vs. 0.03 (0.01–0.06) × 109] than those in non-severe patients. The baseline helper T (Th) cells (335.47 vs. 666.46/μl), suppressor T(Ts) cells (158 vs. 334/μl), B cells (95 vs. 210/μl) and natural killer (NK) cells (52 vs. 122/μl) were significantly decreased in severe cases compared to that in non-severe cases. In addition, the baseline neutrophils were positively correlated with the severity of COVID-19, and the baseline lymphocytes were negatively correlated with the severity of COVID-19. The dynamic change of T cells, Th cells and IFN-γ in the severe cases were parallel to the amelioration of the disease. Conclusions: Collectively, our study provides novel information on the kinetics of the immune responses in a cohort of COVID-19 patients with different disease severities. Furthermore, our study indicates that both innate and adaptive immune responses correlate with better clinical outcomes.
- Subjects
CHINA; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; IMMUNE response; LYMPHOCYTE subsets; NEUTROPHIL lymphocyte ratio
- Publication
Infectious Diseases & Therapy, 2021, Vol 10, Issue 3, p1391
- ISSN
2193-8229
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s40121-021-00458-y