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- Title
Calculating Time and the End of Time in the Carolingian World, c.740–820*.
- Authors
Palmer, James
- Abstract
The hopes and fears associated with the imminence of apocalypse acted as catalysts for a number of significant changes in history. Relevant patterns of behaviour are not, however, always consistent. This paper examines the intellectual contexts for the (sometimes quite real) fear that the world might end or be revolutionised in c. AD800 with the advent of the ‘6000th year of the world’. It argues that, in the Carolingian world, apocalyptic belief was widespread but that it centred on an undefined sense of imminence and a concern for reform, rather than a prioritisation of specific dates. Indeed, building on recent developments in the study of computus (‘time-reckoning’), it is clear that chronological systems such as AD-dating were adapted and discussed – at length – for their relevance to paschal reckonings, not apocalypticism. Evidence here also points towards the relative independence of centres such as Auxerre, St Gall and Monte Cassino, where questions about time could be pursued without much or any central direction from figures such as Charlemagne. It is therefore dangerous to posit a relative ‘consensus of silence’ about apocalypticism to explain the thin evidence; and doubly dangerous to extrapolate from it that, for example, Charlemagne’s imperial coronation occurred on Christmas Day AD800 for undocumented apocalyptic reasons rather than for the pressing political concerns indicated in the sources. Apocalypticism was real in eighth-century Europe, but it was more varied than often thought.
- Subjects
CAROLINGIANS; CHARLEMAGNE, Emperor, 742-814; TIME &; Christianity; CHURCH &; state; APOCALYPSE; CHRISTIAN eschatology; MEDIEVAL church, 600-1500; HISTORY of the Holy Roman Empire, 843-1273; HOLY Roman Empire
- Publication
English Historical Review, 2011, Vol 126, Issue 523, p1307
- ISSN
0013-8266
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ehr/cer325