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- Title
Infection-induced type I interferons critically modulate the homeostasis and function of CD8<sup>+</sup> naïve T cells.
- Authors
Jergović, Mladen; Coplen, Christopher P.; Uhrlaub, Jennifer L.; Besselsen, David G.; Cheng, Shu; Smithey, Megan J.; Nikolich-Žugich, Janko
- Abstract
Naïve T (Tn) cells require two homeostatic signals for long-term survival: tonic T cell receptor:self-peptide–MHC contact and IL-7 stimulation. However, how microbial exposure impacts Tn homeostasis is still unclear. Here we show that infections can lead to the expansion of a subpopulation of long-lived, Ly6C+ CD8+ Tn cells with accelerated effector function. Mechanistically, mono-infection with West Nile virus transiently, and polymicrobial exposure persistently, enhances Ly6C expression selectively on CD5hiCD8+ cells, which in the case of polyinfection translates into a numerical CD8+ Tn cell increase in the lymph nodes. This conversion and expansion of Ly6C+ Tn cells depends on IFN-I, which upregulates MHC class I expression and enhances tonic TCR signaling in differentiating Tn cells. Moreover, for Ly6C+CD8+ Tn cells, IFN-I-mediated signals optimize their homing to secondary sites, extend their lifespan, and enhance their effector differentiation and antibacterial function, particularly for low-affinity clones. Our results thus uncover significant regulation of Tn homeostasis and function via infection-driven IFN-I, with potential implications for immunotherapy. Infections induce activation of naïve T cells for protective immunity, but insights for this host-pathogen crosstalk are still missing. Here the authors show that infection-induced type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling promote the differentiation, expansion and functional maturation of naïve CD8 T cells, particularly for low affinity clones, to enhance anti-microbial immunity.
- Subjects
TYPE I interferons; T cells; HOMEOSTASIS; WEST Nile virus; INTERLEUKIN-7; HOMESITES; MIXED infections
- Publication
Nature Communications, 2021, Vol 12, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2041-1723
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41467-021-25645-w