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- Title
Geographic Analysis of Blood Lead Levels and Neighborhood-Level Risk Factors Among Children Born in 2008-2010.
- Authors
Taggert, Elizabeth; Figgatt, Mary; Robinson, Lucy; Washington, Raynard; Kotkin, Natalie; Johnson, Caroline
- Abstract
Childhood lead exposure remains a public health concern, as it can lower a child's intelligence quotient and cause permanent neurological damage. The objective of this study was to identify census tracts with the highest risk for blood lead levels (BLLs) ≥5 µg/dL in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We analyzed BLLs among children born in 2008--2010 who had at least one venous BLL test. A multivariable mixed effects logistic regression model was used to create risk scores and estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for BLLs ≥5 µg/dL and census tract-level characteristics, including median age of housing, percent of Black residents, vacant properties, rental properties, adults living in poverty, and adults with a high school education. Of 49,246 children, 14.37% had more than one BLL ≥5 µg/dL. Census tracts with a higher percentage of pre-1950 housing (OR = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.63, 2.04]), Black residents (OR = 3.22, 95% CI [2.70, 3.84]), vacant properties (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.23, 1.72]), and poverty (OR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.18, 1.89]) were associated with the highest risk. The mean risk score was 0.12 (range: 0.02-0.35). Our findings show that risk scores can help target prevention activities.
- Subjects
PENNSYLVANIA; LEAD poisoning -- Risk factors; RISK factors of environmental exposure; CHI-squared test; CONFIDENCE intervals; STATISTICAL correlation; GEOGRAPHIC information systems; HOUSING; LEAD; LEAD poisoning; LONGITUDINAL method; POPULATION geography; POVERTY; RACE; RISK assessment; LOGISTIC regression analysis; SOCIOECONOMIC factors; DATA analysis software; ODDS ratio; DISEASE complications; CHILDREN
- Publication
Journal of Environmental Health, 2019, Vol 82, Issue 3, p18
- ISSN
0022-0892
- Publication type
Article