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- Title
Effect of latitude on seasonal variations of vitamin D and some cardiometabolic risk factors: national food and nutrition surveillance.
- Authors
Nikooyeh, Bahareh; Abdollahi, Zahra; Shariatzadeh, Nastaran; Kalayi, Ali; Zahedirad, Maliheh; Neyestani, Tirang
- Abstract
Background: Despite a remarkable reduction in the occurrence of many micronutrient deficiencies in most countries, vitamin D deficiency has remained a global problem. Age-adjusted disability-adjusted life years lost due to cardiovascular disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, including in the Islamic Republic of Iran, are higher than the global average. Aims: To assess the effects of latitude and season on vitamin D status in the Iranian population and the association between vitamin D status and certain cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: A sample of 1111 participants aged 19-65 years was randomly selected from 6 regions with latitudes ranging from 29°.0 N to 37.5° N. All anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed twice a year, summer and winter during 2013 to 2014. Results: Overall mean 25(OH)D concentration was 26.9 [standard deviation (SD) 17.8] nmol/L in winter and 43.4 (SD 32.9 nmol/L in summer (P < 0.001). Poor vitamin D status was noticeable in both seasons (90.1% and 69.2%, respectively). Being male (B, 7.6; 95% CI: 4.3 to 10.8; P < 0.001) and living at a latitude higher than 33 ° were positive predictors, and serum 25(OH)D concentration in winter (B, -0.2; 95% CI: -2.9 to -0.11; P < 0.001) was a negative predictor of changes of 25(OH)D concentrations. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status in Iranian adults throughout the year, irrespective of latitude and season. Improvement of mean circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in the community to 50+ nmol/L through a fortification programme is likely to engender healthy cardiometabolic changes.
- Subjects
IRAN; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; CONFIDENCE intervals; POPULATION geography; SEASONS; VITAMIN D
- Publication
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2021, Vol 27, Issue 3, p269
- ISSN
1020-3397
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.26719/emhj.20.119