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- Title
Associations between systemic inflammation and somatic depressive symptoms: Findings from the Moli-sani study.
- Authors
Gialluisi, Alessandro; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto; Bracone, Francesca; De Curtis, Amalia; Cerletti, Chiara; Donati, Maria Benedetta; Gaetano, Giovanni; Iacoviello, Licia; de Gaetano, Giovanni
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>The link between systemic inflammation and depression has been deeply investigated, but relatively few studies explored symptom-specific associations, mostly focusing on common inflammatory biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.<bold>Methods: </bold>We investigated associations of low-grade inflammation with depressive symptoms assessed through a reduced version of Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in a large population-based cohort of adult Italians (N = 13 301). We built logistic regressions between each depressive symptom and composite index of systemic inflammation based on four circulating biomarkers, namely CRP, Plt, WBC, and GLR (INFLA)-score, a composite blood-based inflammation index, and with its component biomarkers, namely CRP, platelets count (Plt), white blood cells count (WBC), and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR).<bold>Results: </bold>We observed a strong association of the altered appetite/eating symptom with standardized INFLA-score (OR [95% CI] = 1.19 [1.12-1.26]; corrected p = 3.0 × 10-7 ), CRP (1.28 [1.20-1.36]; p = 1.9 × 10-13 ), and WBC (1.13 [1.06-1.20]; p = 2.3 × 10-3 ), and of tiredness/low energy with GLR (1.11 [1.05-1.17]; p = 9.4 × 10-3 ). These associations remained stable within nondepressed participants (PHQ-9 < 10), and after adjustment for the use of antidepressants, main chronic conditions, and lifestyle factors; while they were notably attenuated within depressed participants (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and-for altered appetite only-by adjustment for obesity.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>This study provides a robust replication of the association previously reported between CRP and altered appetite in a large US population cohort, and supports a link between systemic inflammation, altered appetite, and tiredness. Moreover, it extends this evidence to inflammatory markers other than CRP and suggests new targets for the treatment of atypical depression.
- Subjects
LEUKOCYTE count; SYMPTOMS; INFLAMMATION; C-reactive protein; RESEARCH; RESEARCH methodology; EVALUATION research; MEDICAL cooperation; COMPARATIVE studies; MENTAL depression; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESEARCH funding
- Publication
Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269), 2020, Vol 37, Issue 9, p935
- ISSN
1091-4269
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/da.23070