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- Title
Human T cell leukaemia virus type 2 tax protein mediates CC-chemokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via the nuclear factor kappa B canonical pathway.
- Authors
Barrios, C. S.; Castillo, L.; Zhi, H.; Giam, C.‐Z.; Beilke, M. A.
- Abstract
Retroviral co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 ( HIV-1) and human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 ( HTLV-1) or type 2 ( HTLV-2) are prevalent in many areas worldwide. It has been observed that HIV-1/ HTLV-2 co-infections are associated with slower rates of CD4+ T cell decline and delayed progression to AIDS. This immunological benefit has been linked to the ability of Tax2, the transcriptional activating protein of HTLV-2, to induce the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein ( MIP)-1α/ CCL3, MIP-1β/ CCL4 and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted ( RANTES)/ CCL5 and to down-regulate the expression of the CCR5 co-receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs). This study aimed to assess the role of Tax2-mediated activation of the nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-κ B) signalling pathway on the production of the anti-viral CC-chemokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES. Recombinant Tax1 and Tax2 proteins, or proteins expressed via adenoviral vectors used to infect cells, were tested for their ability to activate the NF-κ B pathway in cultured PBMCs in the presence or absence of NF-κ B pathway inhibitors. Results showed a significant release of MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES by PBMCs after the activation of p65/ RelA and p50. The secretion of these CC-chemokines was significantly reduced ( P < 0·05) by canonical NF-κ B signalling inhibitors. In conclusion, Tax2 protein may promote innate anti-viral immune responses through the activation of the canonical NF-κ B pathway.
- Subjects
HTLV-II (Virus); VIRAL proteins; CHEMOKINES; NF-kappa B; BLOOD cells; VIRUS diseases; CD4 antigen
- Publication
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 2014, Vol 175, Issue 1, p92
- ISSN
0009-9104
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/cei.12213