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- Title
Insecticides promote viral outbreaks by altering herbivore competition.
- Authors
Pan, Huipeng; Preisser, Evan L.; Chu, Dong; Wang, Shaoli; Wu, Qingjun; Carrière, Yves; Zhou, Xuguo; Zhang, Youjun
- Abstract
While the management of biological invasions is often characterized by a series of single-species decisions, invasive species exist within larger food webs. These biotic interactions can alter the impact of control/eradication programs and may cause suppression efforts to inadvertently facilitate invasion spread and impact. We document the rapid replacement of the invasive Bemisia Middle East-Asia Minor I (MEAM1) cryptic biotype by the cryptic Mediterranean (MED) biotype throughout China and demonstrate that MED is more tolerant of insecticides and a better vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) than MEAM1. While MEAM1 usually excludes MED under natural conditions, insecticide application reverses the MEAM1-MED competitive hierarchy and allows MED to exclude MEAM1. The insecticide-mediated success of MED has led to TYLCV outbreaks throughout China. Our work strongly supports the hypothesis that insecticide use in China reverses the MEAM1-MED competitive hierarchy and allows MED to displace MEAM1 in managed landscapes. By promoting the dominance of a Bemisia species that is a competent viral vector, insecticides thus increase the spread and impact of TYLCV in heterogeneous agroecosystems.
- Subjects
VIRUS diseases of plants; EFFECT of insecticides on plants; HERBIVORES; SWEETPOTATO whitefly; TOMATO yellow leaf curl virus; FOOD chains; AGRICULTURAL ecology; COMPETITION (Biology)
- Publication
Ecological Applications, 2015, Vol 25, Issue 6, p1585
- ISSN
1051-0761
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1890/14-0752.1