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- Title
Application of LC–MS/MS and UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap methods for determining 54 steroids in illegal dietary supplements and other sample types.
- Authors
Lee, Ji Hyun; Jung, Eun Ju; Ham, Hyeon Joo; Yang, Yoon Ji; Kim, Nam Sook; Kim, Hyung Il; Baek, Sun Young
- Abstract
Rationale: With the development of the Internet and social network services, the public access to or use of illegal products has been increased via on/offline black markets. Steroids refer to the compounds yielding strong treatment effects on some diseases or muscle building, and are classified as the pharmaceutical compounds that are prohibited for personal use without a prescription. The prohibition is made for their potential risk to cause serious adverse effects along with their efficacies. Methods: To monitor the distribution of illicit products containing steroids, a simple and reliable analytical method was established and validated, allowing rapid and simultaneous determination of 54 steroids in them. During the screening, LC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS was performed first followed by quantitative analysis using LC–MS/MS. For the accurate and reliable analysis, the samples were extracted using QuEChERS to reduce the matrix effect. Results: After the screening of 617 illegal samples advertised as being effective in alleviating various diseases or improving athletic performance with the established LC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS method, the validated LC–MS/MS method was used to perform the quantitative analysis of the detected steroids. Of these, 142 samples were adulterated with steroids, and several samples with two or more steroids were detected. Due to the lack of previous studies on the toxicity of these illicit products, the side effects of consuming them are unpredictable and could be harmful. Conclusions: The development of LC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS method accompanied by LC–MS/MS could be successfully applied to the inspection of illegal steroid products for public health, enabling the rapid and accurate detection of analytes and incorporation of non‐analyte components.
- Subjects
LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry; MATRIX effect; BLACK market; STEROIDS; ATHLETIC ability; DIETARY supplements
- Publication
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: RCM, 2022, Vol 36, Issue 16, p1
- ISSN
0951-4198
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/rcm.9334