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- Title
Winter Commerce on the Baltic: Some Implications on Opening the Great lakes.
- Authors
Hazard, John L.
- Abstract
In 1893 a Finnish engineer, Osvald Boosdoroff, visited the Great Lakes to examine rail car ferries crossing the Straits of Mackinac in winter. He was impressed with the size and power of the SS St. Ignace but uncertain about the feasibility of her unique forward propellers in Baltic ice. Two years later, visits by Konstantin Jansson and Captain L. Melan endorsed the forward propellers and thus provided the technological breakthrough for a fleet of ships that were to free Finland's ice-locked ports to year-round navigation.' From this modest transfer, Finland has become the center of icebreaking technology, supplying polar icebreakers to the U.S.S.R. and assistance on the Manhattan's voyage to the United States fly contrast, lake-ice technology has lagged. And so it became necessaty for a mission from Michigan to retrace the route of the Finnish maritime experts, seeking ideas and technology on ice control. However, flying over the lakes and the Baltic in the month of February, one is aware of the greater size and amount of ice in tlie Baltic.
- Subjects
BALTIC Coast; GREAT Lakes (North America); SAINT Lawrence Seaway; MICHIGAN; UNITED States; ICE prevention &; control; TRANSPORTATION; SHIPS; HARBORS; NAVIGATION; ECONOMIC history
- Publication
Land Economics, 1971, Vol 47, Issue 3, p256
- ISSN
0023-7639
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2307/3145056