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- Title
A review of the ecosystem services provided by the marine forage fish.
- Authors
Nissar, Sinan; Bakhtiyar, Yahya; Arafat, Mohammad Yasir; Andrabi, Saima; Bhat, Abrar Ahmad; Yousuf, Tabasum
- Abstract
The present paper is a review of the available literature on the significance of forage fish, the plethora of services they provide, and the threats faced by them. Forage fish are pelagic planktivorous species that operate as conduits of energy between the lower trophic level (plankton) and the upper trophic level (predators). A variety of ecosystem services are provided by them, from serving as prey for higher trophic levels to producing fish meal and oil. Forage fish have a consumption value for humans and cultural importance to many societies. Forage fish have faced constant natural and anthropogenic threats in the past, resulting in numerous fish collapses which subsequently impacted their predators. The economic benefit provided by forage fish has been estimated to be approximately $ 18.7 billion per annum. An introspection of the data on ecosystem services revealed lack of data on regulating and cultural services, eventually leading to a monetary underestimation and their commercial prioritization over the wider benefits they provide.
- Subjects
FORAGE fishes; MARINE fishes; MARINE service; ECOSYSTEM services; FOOD chains; FISH meal
- Publication
Hydrobiologia, 2023, Vol 850, Issue 12/13, p2871
- ISSN
0018-8158
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10750-022-05033-1