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- Title
Ultrasound-Assisted, Base-Catalyzed, Homogeneous Reaction for Ferulic Acid Production from γ-Oryzanol.
- Authors
Truong, Hoa Thi; Van Do, Manh; Duc Huynh, Long; Thi Nguyen, Linh; Tuan Do, Anh; Thanh Xuan Le, Thao; Phuoc Duong, Hung; Takenaka, Norimichi; Imamura, Kiyoshi; Maeda, Yasuaki
- Abstract
A method for producing ferulic acid by ultrasound-assisted, homogeneous, base-catalyzed hydrolysis of <italic>γ</italic>-oryzanol was developed. Experiments were conducted using various reaction temperatures and ratios of <italic>γ</italic>-oryzanol to base catalyst in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The reaction performed without ultrasound under the homogeneous conditions of potassium hydroxide/<italic>γ</italic>-oryzanol ratio (wt/wt) 20 : 1 and 75°C gave a ferulic acid yield of 83.3% in 3 h. Acceleration of the homogeneous reaction using ultrasound irradiation at 20 (horn type) and 200 kHz (planar type) was explored by evaluating the kinetic parameters. At 30°C, the ratios of ultrasonic irradiation at low (20 kHz, 50 W) and high (200 kHz, 50 W) frequencies versus those of the heating method increased by 2.0- and 1.4-fold in comparison with those at 60°C, respectively. The contribution of ultrasonic irradiation (50 W) to the hydrolysis reaction decreased with increase of temperature. However, irradiation at 20 kHz and a power of 180 W gave a 94% ferulic acid yield at 60°C in 3 h. These results indicate that the use of low frequency (horn type and high-power irradiation) enabled yields higher than 90% to be obtained.
- Subjects
ORYZANOL; HYDROLYSIS; POTASSIUM hydroxide; FERULIC acid; CATALYSTS; IRRADIATION
- Publication
Journal of Chemistry, 2018, p1
- ISSN
2090-9063
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1155/2018/3132747