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- Title
Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes.
- Authors
Owens, Liam P.; Khaiyat, Omid; Coyles, Ginny
- Abstract
Background A strong body of literature has been published outlining muscle activity differences during sports performance in groups of overhead athletes. However, there are limited studies that have directly compared the muscle activity in overhead athletes with and without history of shoulder injury during functional everyday tasks. Purpose This study aimed to identify muscle activities across fourteen upper extremity and core muscles during three functional everyday movements in athletes with and without history of shoulder injury. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study Methods Thirty-two male overhead throwing athletes (fifteen healthy and seventeen injured) were recruited and completed three everyday functional movements of high elevation, low elevation, and rotation, using their dominant arm to move an object between two fixed positions. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded for fourteen muscles including: biceps brachii, deltoids (anterior, medial, and posterior), trapezius (upper and lower), pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, infraspinatus, external obliques, and gluteus maximus (all surface electrodes) and supraspinatus (fine wire electrode). Mixed model repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc analysis assessed mean muscle activity (%MVC) between groups and each movement phase. Results Upper trapezius elicited higher mean activity in healthy athletes during both phases of the arm rotation task (p < 0.05). No differences between groups were evident for arm elevation tasks. Qualitative analysis of muscle patterns during functional tasks reflected a temporal shift in muscle activation timings and magnitudes between athlete groups, suggesting potential compensatory mechanisms in injured athletes.
- Subjects
SKELETAL muscle physiology; MUSCLE physiology; ARM physiology; TORSO physiology; BIOMECHANICS; CROSS-sectional method; LATISSIMUS dorsi (Muscles); REPEATED measures design; THROWING (Sports); ABDOMINAL muscles; DATA analysis; TASK performance; PECTORALIS muscle; FUNCTIONAL assessment; TRAPEZIUS muscle; SERRATUS anterior muscles; ROTATIONAL motion; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; ROTATOR cuff; GLUTEAL muscles; RESEARCH methodology; ANALYSIS of variance; STATISTICS; SHOULDER injuries; ATHLETIC ability; BICEPS brachii; DELTOID muscles; SUPRASPINATUS muscles
- Publication
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2024, Vol 19, Issue 4, p466
- ISSN
2159-2896
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.26603/001c.94604