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- Title
Optimization studies on the production of struvite from human urine - waste into value.
- Authors
Sathiasivan, Kiruthika; Ramaswamy, Jeyalakshmi; Rajesh, Mathur
- Abstract
Recovery of nutrients from wastewater streams has twin advantages of preventing eutrophication and providing value for the treatment process. Phosphate in significant quantities is available in sewage, with human urine accounting for a major portion. In this context, studies were conducted for the maximum recovery of phosphate as 'Struvite'. The significant variables that affect the struvite recovery from human urine were identified by Plackett Burman design and further optimized using a four factor central composite design. The optimal conditions for phosphate recovery were determined: pH 9.5, Mg to P ratio 1.5, precipitation time 40 min and ammonium concentration 2,000 mg L-1. The maximum phosphate recovery obtained at optimal condition from synthetic urine sample was significantly higher than the real urine samples. The fertilizing ability of struvite so produced was assessed in comparison with normally used fertilizer 'Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)' under identical conditions using Ixora coccinea L, a popular plant with medicinal values. The growth parameters of Ixora coccinea L were found to be significant for Struvite but could not match the performance of DAP. The twin advantages of lower cost of production particularly with the increasing demand for phosphorus and the utilization of environmentally benign waste product makes study relevant and attractive.
- Subjects
WASTE products; URINE; INDUSTRIAL costs; MEDICINAL plants; PRODUCTION increases; SEWAGE; PLANT nutrition
- Publication
Desalination & Water Treatment, 2019, Vol 155, p134
- ISSN
1944-3994
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5004/dwt.2019.24063