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- Title
Simultaneous Land Surface Temperature--Emissivity Retrieval in the Infrared Split Window.
- Authors
Faysash, David A.; Smith, Eric A.
- Abstract
A combined land surface temperature--emissivity retrieval algorithm is developed and tested for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-Imager and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) split-window channels. By assuming that the spectral emissivities are constant over a short time period (12--24 h), two sets of split-window radiance measurements taken at two different times are used to retrieve two spectral emissivities and two land surface temperatures (LSTs) simultaneously. The algorithm employs an optimization scheme rather than a direct solver for a system of equations because of constraint requirements. The retrieved variables minimize the rms differences between measured satellite radiances and those predicted by a spectrally detailed radiative transfer model. A GOES-8 version of the algorithm is validated with in situ radiometer measurements from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM CART) site. In addition, an AVHRR version is validated with in situ measurements from the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE) site, the Hydrological Atmospheric Pilot Experiment--Sahel (HAPEX--Sahel) site, and an LST validation site operated near Melbourne, Australia. The biases of the retrieved LSTs for the validation sites in the Australian, FIFE, and ARM CART study areas are approximately 0.088, 1.78, and 1.48C, respectively, yielding an overall bias error of better than half the current expected accuracy limit of some 638C. The associated bias-adjusted rmse differences are approximately 0.788, 4.88, and 4.58C, respectively, mostly driven by intercomparing in situ point measurements to area-integrated satellite pixel retrievals.
- Subjects
TEMPERATURE measurements; ALGORITHMS
- Publication
Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology, 1999, Vol 16, Issue 11, p1
- ISSN
0739-0572
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1673:SLSTER>2.0.CO;2