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- Title
BLACK ROT OF GRAPEVINE IN ITALY: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
- Authors
Rinaldi, P.; Skaventzou, M.; Rossi, M.; Comparini, C.; Molitor, D.; Mugnai, L.
- Abstract
In the last 5 years several countries in Europe, such as Germany, Hungary, Portugal, experienced a sudden and sometimes strong increase in the incidence and severity of damages on grapevine caused by black rot (Guignardia bidwellii). This ascomycetous fungus can cause a full drying out of the cluster, so that berries typically mummify. Heavy damages were recorded in 2010 and even more in 2011, leading up to 100% crop losses, also in Tuscany, a region where the disease had never caused losses before. In 2012, symptom development was then carefully monitored in two vineyard located in the surroundings of Florence, Tuscany, assessing the relationship between infection events and meteorological data, in order to understand the factors affecting infection process in the Mediterranean climate. Field observations showed that primary infections are almost exclusively given by ascospores produced in overwintering perithecia, while conidial infections seem to have a minor role. Infections started even at bud burst, requesting the need of protection with chemical much earlier than it is done for downy mildew. First field surveys and observations suggest that leaf infections could be not related to the disease incidence and to the severity of the infections on the berries. Nevertheless, heavy infections on grape organs other than leaves and berries were recorded in some vineyards before flowering, differently from what reported elsewhere. Cankers were formed on the young shoots, the leaf petiols and the cluster rachis, causing a partial crop loss. The biology and epidemiology of the pathogen in the Mediterranean region - with unusual climatic conditions for this fungus - need to be fully clarified.
- Subjects
TUSCANY (Italy); ITALY; BLACK rot; GRAPE diseases &; pests; GUIGNARDIA; ASCOMYCETES; FUNGAL diseases of plants; VINEYARDS
- Publication
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012, Vol 94, Issue 4, pS4.76
- ISSN
1125-4653
- Publication type
Article