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- Title
Gender-specific anthropometric markers of adiposity, metabolic syndrome and visceral adiposity index ( VAI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
- Authors
Mazzuca, Emilia; Battaglia, Salvatore; Marrone, Oreste; Marotta, Anna M.; Castrogiovanni, Alessandra; Esquinas, Cristina; Barcelò, Antonia; Barbé, Ferran; Bonsignore, Maria R.
- Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea often coexists with visceral adiposity and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we analysed gender-related differences in anthropometrics according to sleep apnea severity and metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the visceral adiposity index, a recently introduced marker of cardiometabolic risk, was analysed. Consecutive subjects with suspected obstructive sleep apnea ( n = 528, 423 males, mean age ± standard deviation: 51.3 ± 12.8 years, body mass index: 31.0 ± 6.2 kg m−2) were studied by full polysomnography (apnea-hypopnea index 43.4 ± 27.6 h−1). Variables of general and visceral adiposity were measured (body mass index, neck, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio). The visceral adiposity index was calculated, and metabolic syndrome was assessed ( NCEP- ATP III criteria). The sample included controls (apnea-hypopnea index <10 h−1, n = 55), and patients with mild-moderate (apnea-hypopnea index 10-30 h−1, n = 144) and severe sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index >30 h−1, n = 329). When anthropometric variables were entered in stepwise multiple regression, body mass index, waist circumference and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were associated with the apnea-hypopnea index in men (adjusted R2 = 0.308); by contrast, only hip circumference and height-normalized neck circumference were associated with sleep apnea severity in women (adjusted R2 = 0.339). These results changed little in patients without metabolic syndrome; conversely, waist circumference was the only correlate of apnea-hypopnea index in men and women with metabolic syndrome. The visceral adiposity index increased with insulin resistance, but did not predict sleep apnea severity. These data suggest gender-related interactions between obstructive sleep apnea, obesity and metabolic abnormalities. The visceral adiposity index was a good marker of metabolic syndrome, but not of obstructive sleep apnea.
- Subjects
ANTHROPOMETRY; OBESITY; METABOLIC syndrome; SLEEP apnea syndromes; SLEEP; HEALTH
- Publication
Journal of Sleep Research, 2014, Vol 23, Issue 1, p13
- ISSN
0962-1105
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jsr.12088