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- Title
Oxidative Stress Contributes to Autophagy Induction in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
- Authors
Perez-Martín, Marta; Pérez-Pérez, María Esther; Lemaire, Stéphane D.; Crespo, José L.
- Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) results in the activation of stress responses, such as the unfolded protein response or the catabolic process of autophagy to ultimately recover cellular homeostasis. ER stress also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in autophagy regulation. However, it remains unknown whether reactive oxygen species are involved in ER stress-induced autophagy. In this study, we provide evidence connecting redox imbalance caused by ER stress and autophagy activation in the model unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Treatment of C. reinhardtii cells with the ER stressors tunicamycin or dithiothreitol resulted in up-regulation of the expression of genes encoding ER resident endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductinl oxidoreductase and protein disulfide isomerases. ER stress also triggered autophagy in C. reinhardtii based on the protein abundance, lipidation, cellular distribution, and mRNA levels of the autophagy marker ATG8. Moreover, increases in the oxidation of the glutathione pool and the expression of oxidative stress-related genes were detected in tunicamycin-treated cells. Our results revealed that the antioxidant glutathione partially suppressed ER stress-induced autophagy and decreased the toxicity of tunicamycin, suggesting that oxidative stress participates in the control of autophagy in response to ER stress in C. reinhardtii In close agreement, we also found that autophagy activation by tunicamycin was more pronounced in the C. reinhardtii sort mutant, which shows increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes.
- Subjects
CHLAMYDOMONAS reinhardtii; PLANTS; OXIDATIVE stress; ENDOPLASMIC reticulum; AUTOPHAGY; PLANT physiology research
- Publication
Plant Physiology, 2014, Vol 166, Issue 2, p997
- ISSN
0032-0889
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1104/pp.114.243659