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- Title
Intensive and extensive nitrogen loss from intertidal permeable sediments of the Wadden Sea.
- Authors
Hang Gao; Matyka, Maciej; Bo Liu; Khalili, Arzhang; Kostka, Joel E.; Collins, Gavin; Jansen, Stefan; Holtappels, Moritz; Jensen, Marlene M.; Badewien, Thomas H.; Beck, Melanie; Grunwald, Maik; de Beer, Dirk; Lavik, Gaute; Kuypers, Marcel M. M.
- Abstract
Nitrogen (N) loss rates were determined in permeable sediments of the Wadden Sea using a combination of stable N isotope incubation experiments and model simulation approaches during three seasons. Three different incubation methods that employed the isotope pairing technique were used: intact core incubations simulating either (1) diffusive or (2) advective transport conditions and (3) slurry incubations. N loss rates from core incubations under simulated advective transport conditions exceeded those rates measured under diffusive transport conditions by 1-2 orders of magnitude, but were comparable to those observed in slurry incubations. N loss rates generally showed little seasonal and spatial variation (207 ± 30 µmol m-2 h-1) in autumn 2006 and spring and summer 2007. Utilizing an extensive time series of nutrient concentrations and current velocities obtained from a continuous monitoring station, nitrate and nitrite (i.e., NO-x) flux into the sediment was modeled over a full annual cycle. Fluxes were sufficient to support the experimentally derived N loss rates. Combining the measured rates with the modeled results, an annual N removal rate of 745 ± 109 mmol N m-;2 yr-1 was estimated for permeable sediments of the Wadden Sea. This rate agrees well with previous N loss estimates for the Wadden Sea based on N budget calculations. Permeable sediments, accounting for 58-70% of the continental shelf area, are an important N sink and their contribution to the global N loss budget should be reevaluated.
- Subjects
WADDENZEE (Netherlands); NETHERLANDS; SEDIMENT permeability; NITROGEN; NITRITES
- Publication
Limnology & Oceanography, 2012, Vol 57, Issue 1, p22
- ISSN
0024-3590
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0185