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- Title
Current Insights into the Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Focusing on Alterations of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles in Metabolic Syndrome.
- Authors
Takić, Marija; Ranković, Slavica; Girek, Zdenka; Pavlović, Suzana; Jovanović, Petar; Jovanović, Vesna; Šarac, Ivana
- Abstract
The plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential n-3 acid highly susceptible to oxidation, present in oils of flaxseeds, walnuts, canola, perilla, soy, and chia. After ingestion, it can be incorporated in to body lipid pools (particularly triglycerides and phospholipid membranes), and then endogenously metabolized through desaturation, elongation, and peroxisome oxidation to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with a very limited efficiency (particularly for DHA), beta-oxidized as an energy source, or directly metabolized to C18-oxilipins. At this moment, data in the literature about the effects of ALA supplementation on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in humans are inconsistent, indicating no effects or some positive effects on all MetS components (abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired insulin sensitivity and glucoregulation, blood pressure, and liver steatosis). The major effects of ALA on MetS seem to be through its conversion to more potent EPA and DHA, the impact on the n-3/n-6 ratio, and the consecutive effects on the formation of oxylipins and endocannabinoids, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, as well as adipocyte and hepatocytes function. It is important to distinguish the direct effects of ALA from the effects of EPA and DHA metabolites. This review summarizes the most recent findings on this topic and discusses the possible mechanisms.
- Subjects
UNSATURATED fatty acids; EICOSAPENTAENOIC acid; METABOLIC syndrome; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC acid; INSULIN sensitivity; OXYLIPINS; BLOOD pressure
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, Vol 25, Issue 9, p4909
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms25094909