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- Title
<sup>1</sup>H NMR-based metabolomics approach to assess toxicity of bunker a heavy oil to freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio.
- Authors
Kokushi, Emiko; Uno, Seiichi; Harada, Tomotaka; Koyama, Jiro
- Abstract
Using a 1H NMR metabolomics approach, the effects of dietary exposure of bunker A heavy oil (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 5% in diet) on freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio, were examined. Statistical analysis by PCA score plots showed that the amount of metabolites in exposure groups 0.1, 1, and 5% differed from those in the control group. Although no discernible effects on metabolites were noted in the 0.1% exposure group as well as in the lowest concentration (0.01%) group, several metabolites such as amino acid (e.g., leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine, histidine, proline, and methionine), 3- D-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol were elevated, while another metabolite such as formate was reduced in 1 and 5% groups. These changes in the metabolites associated with the tri-carboxylic-acid (TCA) cycle suggest that oil exposure resulted in the disturbance of the TCA cycle in the liver of the carp. Isobutyrate, a marker of anoxia, was also increased in 1 and 5% exposures groups and was directly related to low hemoglobin concentrations leading to reduced oxygen transport by blood. In addition, significant elevation of creatinine in the plasma of carps exposed to 5% heavy oil suggests disturbance in kidney function. Thus, metabolomics approach can detect toxic effects of hazardous pollutants on fish. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
- Subjects
INDICATOR organisms in water pollution; HEAVY oil; CARP; METABOLITES; FRESHWATER fishes; NUCLEAR magnetic resonance
- Publication
Environmental Toxicology, 2012, Vol 27, Issue 7, p404
- ISSN
1520-4081
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/tox.20653