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- Title
RIPPLE MARK INDICES AND THEIR USES.
- Authors
Tanner, William F.
- Abstract
Tile following dimensionless parameters/two of them well-known and five of them new) are defined for determination of ripple mark geometry: ripple index (RI) ripple symmetry index (RSI), continuity index (CI), bifurcation index (BI), straightness index (SI), and two different parallelism indices (PI1 and PI2). In general, RI = 15 or less indicates wave or water current origin; RI = 17 or more indicates wind or swash origin. RSI = 1.5 or less indicates wave or swash types; RSI = 3 or more indicates wind or water current types. CI = 15 or more suggests wind or wave origin; CI = 10 or less suggests water current origin. BI = 10 or more suggests wave varieties; BI = 1 or less suggests wind varieties. SI = 10² or more indicates wind or deep-water wave types; SI = 15 to 10² indicates wind or wave types; SI = 4 or less indicates current types. PI1 = 7 or more suggests wave origin; PI1 = 1 or less suggests water current origin. PI2 = 0.2 or less is probably the result of wind or wave action. Longitudinal ripple marks (such as rib-and-furrow) and deformed or modified varieties (such as flat-topped tidal-flat ripple marks and nearly-flat-topped intermittent creek ripple marks) have been excluded, inasmuch as (1) they are commonly easy to identify from their appearance, and (2) they are difficult to measure with ordinary methods. Plots of two indices against each other on coordinate paper can be particularly useful; the best combinations are RI vs. RSI, and RI vs. PI1, although several other pairs are almost as good. Where all seven parameters can be obtained, the confidence one can have in the interpretation is close to 98%.
- Subjects
RIPPLE-marks; SEDIMENTARY structures; TIDAL flats; SEDIMENT transport; OCEAN bottom; SEDIMENTOLOGY
- Publication
Sedimentology, 1967, Vol 9, Issue 2, p89
- ISSN
0037-0746
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1365-3091.1967.tb01332.x