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- Title
Preparation and Characterisation of ε-CL-20 by Solvent Evaporation and Precipitation Methods.
- Authors
Ghosh, M.; Venkatesan, V.; Sikder, A. K.; Sikder, N.
- Abstract
ε-CL-20 is prepared from raw CL-20 by solvent evaporation and precipitation methods. Experiments were also done using solvent evaporation coupled with in-situ ultrasonication method. Using precipitation method, ε-CL-20 is scaled up to 500 g batch. Raw CL-20 was assigned to α-CL-20. The chemical and polymorphic purity of prepared ε-CL-20 was found to be about 98 per cent and > 95 per cent, respectively. ε-CL-20 was obtained agglomeration free with well defined geometry in comparison with raw CL-20 and its crystal morphology is dominantly bi-pyramidal or lozenge crystal shapes. The obtained mean particle size of prepared ε-CL-20 by solvent evaporation method with and without in-situ ultrasonication and also by precipitation methods is about 30 µm - 40 µm, 150 µm - 200 µm and 150 µm - 300 µm, respectively. The measured true density of prepared ε-CL-20 by precipitation method with 100 g and 500 g batch scale using Helium gas pycnometer was 2.038 g/cm³ and 2.043 g/cm³, respectively. The lower value of calculated void percentage of ε-CL-20 (0.05-0.29%) indicate better crystal quality. Conclusively, prepared ε-CL20 has high true density with less percentage of voids, less total moisture content and free from agglomeration as compared with the starting raw CL-20 material.
- Subjects
EVAPORATION (Meteorology); METEOROLOGICAL precipitation; CLIMATOLOGY; PYCNOMETERS; AGGLOMERATION (Materials); CRYSTALS
- Publication
Defence Science Journal, 2012, Vol 62, Issue 6, p390
- ISSN
0011-748X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.14429/dsj.62.1428