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- Title
A low-GI diet is associated with a short-term improvement of glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Authors
Yusof, B. N. M.; Talib, R. A.; Kamaruddin, N. A.; Karim, N. A.; Chinna, K.; Gilbertson, H.
- Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of low glycaemic index (GI) vs. conventional carbohydrate exchange (CCE) dietary advice on glycaemic control and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 104 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either a low GI (GI) or CCE dietary advice over a 12-week period. The primary end-point was glycaemic control as assessed by glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine level and plasma glucose. The secondary end-points were anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters that include blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin levels. The oral antidiabetic medications remained unchanged throughout the duration of the study. Results: A low-GI diet was associated with significant changes in the fructosamine level (ΔGI = −0.20 ± 0.03; ΔCCE = −0.08 ± 0.03 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and waist circumference (ΔGI group = −1.88 ± 0.30 cm; ΔCCE group: −0.36 ± 0.4 cm, p < 0.05) at week 4. At week 12, the changes in fasting glucose (ΔGI = −0.03 ± 0.3; ΔCCE = 0.7 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p < 0.05) and waist circumference (ΔGI = −2.35 ± 0.47 cm; ΔCCE group = −0.66 ± 0.46 cm; p < 0.05) in the GI group was significantly lower than the CCE group. With the low-GI diet, the changes in postprandial glycaemia at time 0, 60, 150 and 180 min after consuming the standard test meal was lower than with the CCE diet (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups for the remaining parameters that were measured. Conclusions: Use of a low-GI diet resulted in significant changes of serum fructosamine level, plasma glucose and waist circumference in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes over a 12-week period compared with those following a CCE diet. The effect on HbA1c and other metabolic parameters was not significantly different between the two study groups but the improvement within the GI group was more pronounced and of clinical benefit.
- Subjects
GLYCEMIC index; PEOPLE with diabetes; DIETARY carbohydrates; FOOD exchange lists; NUTRITION counseling; HEALTH
- Publication
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 2009, Vol 11, Issue 4, p387
- ISSN
1462-8902
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00984.x