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- Title
Interleukin-1-induced interleukin-6 synthesis is mediated by the neutral sphingomyelinase/Src kinase pathway in neurones.
- Authors
Tsakiri, N.; Kimber, I.; Rothwell, N. J.; Pinteaux, E.
- Abstract
<bold>Background and Purpose: </bold>Interleukin (IL)-1 is a key mediator of inflammatory and host defence responses and its effects in the brain are mediated primarily via effects on glia. IL-1 induces release of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 from glia via the type-1 receptor (IL-1R1) and established signalling mechanisms including mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa-B. IL-1 also modifies physiological functions via actions on neurones, through activation of the neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase)/Src kinase signalling pathway, although the mechanism of IL-1-induced IL-6 synthesis in neurones remains unknown.<bold>Experimental Approach: </bold>Primary mouse neuronal cell cultures, ELISA, Western blot and immunocytochemistry techniques were used.<bold>Key Results: </bold>We show here that IL-1beta induces the synthesis of IL-6 in primary mouse neuronal cultures, and this is dependent on the activation of IL-1R1, nSMase and Src kinase. We demonstrate that IL-1beta-induced Src kinase activation triggers the phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit, leading to activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII) and the nuclear transcription factor CREB. We also show that NR2B, CamKII and CREB are essential signalling elements involved in IL-1beta-induced IL-6 synthesis in neurones.<bold>Conclusions and Implications: </bold>These results demonstrate that IL-1 interacts with the same receptors on neurones and glia to elicit IL-6 release, but does so via distinct signalling pathways. The mechanism by which IL-1beta induces IL-6 synthesis in neurones could be critical in both physiological and pathophysiological actions of IL-1beta, and may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of acute CNS injury.
- Subjects
INTERLEUKIN-1; INTERLEUKIN-6; NEURONS; BRAIN; ASTROCYTES; PROTEIN metabolism; ANIMAL experimentation; BIOCHEMISTRY; CELL receptors; CELLULAR signal transduction; CEREBRAL cortex; COMPARATIVE studies; ESTERASES; INTERLEUKINS; PHENOMENOLOGY; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; MICE; PHOSPHORYLATION; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES; RECOMBINANT proteins; RESEARCH; TRANSFERASES; EVALUATION research
- Publication
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008, Vol 153, Issue 4, p775
- ISSN
0007-1188
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1038/sj.bjp.0707610