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- Title
Artesunate Enhances the Cytotoxicity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Sonodynamic Therapy against Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells In Vitro.
- Authors
Tomohiro Osaki; Yoshihiro Uto; Masahiro Ishizuka; Tohru Tanaka; Nobuyasu Yamanaka; Tsukasa Kurahashi; Kazuo Azuma; Yusuke Murahata; Takeshi Tsuka; Norihiko Itoh; Tomohiro Imagawa; Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) kills tumor cells through the synergistic effects of ultrasound (US) and a sonosensitizer agent. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been used as a sonodynamic sensitizer for cancer treatment. However, studies have shown that 5-ALA-based SDT has limited efficacy against malignant tumors. In this study, we examined whether artesunate (ART) could enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-ALA-based SDT against mouse mammary tumor (EMT-6) cells in vitro. In the ART, ART + US, ART + 5-ALA, and ART + 5-ALA + US groups, the cell survival rate correlated with ART concentration, and decreased with increasing concentrations of ART. Morphologically, many apoptotic and necrotic cells were observed in the ART + 5-ALA + US group. The percentage of reactive oxygen species-positive cells in the ART + 5-ALA + US group was also significantly higher than that in the 5-ALA group (p = 0.0228), and the cell death induced by ART + 5-ALA + US could be inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. These results show that ART offers great potential in enhancing the efficacy of 5-ALA-based SDT for the treatment of cancer. However, these results are only based on in vitro studies, and further in vivo studies are required.
- Subjects
CELL-mediated cytotoxicity; AMINOLEVULINIC acid; MOUSE mammary tumor virus; CANCER cells; LABORATORY mice; ANTIOXIDANTS; ACETYLCYSTEINE
- Publication
Molecules, 2017, Vol 22, Issue 4, p533
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules22040533