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- Title
Clonal analysis ofDistal-lessandengrailedexpression patterns during early morphogenesis of uniramous and biramous crustacean limbs.
- Authors
Hejnol, Andreas; Scholtz, Gerhard
- Abstract
In order to investigate the correlation of cell lineage, gene expression, and morphogenesis of uniramous and biramous limbs we studied limb formation in the thorax and pleon of the amphipodOrchestia cavimanaand the isopodPorcellio scaber. We took advantage of the fact that in amphipod and isopod crustaceans-both Malacostraca-uniramous limbs evolved independently in the thorax whereas ancestral biramous limbs are formed in the pleon (abdomen). The geneDistal-lessis expressed in the early limb buds as in other arthropods. Accordingly, it is likely to be responsible for the development of the proximodistal axis of the appendages. Double staining of Distal-less and Engrailed proteins suggests thatDistal-lessin the pleon of the amphipodOrchestiamight not be under the control of the Wingless protein. Additionally, we studied axis formation of the uniramous and biramous limbs. In both species investigated, biramous limbs originate exclusively by the subdivision of the original limb bud. Both distal elements continuously expressDistal-less. There is flexibility in the suppression of the development of additional branches in the crustacean limb. In the amphipodO. cavimana, uniramous thoracopods are formed by downregulation ofDistal-lessin the area where, in biramous limbs, the exopodites would occur. In contrast, this region never expressesDistal-lessin the uniramous thoracopods of the isopodP. scaber. Our results suggest that the gene expression pattern is independent of the cell division pattern. Gene expression domains and morphogenesis of limbs and segments, on the other hand, show a good correlation.
- Subjects
AMPHIPODA; ISOPODA; ARTHROPODA; GENE expression; MORPHOGENESIS; EXTREMITIES (Anatomy)
- Publication
Development Genes & Evolution, 2004, Vol 214, Issue 10, p473
- ISSN
0949-944X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00427-004-0424-2