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- Title
Age at Menopause, Reproductive Life Span, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk.
- Authors
BRAND, JUDITH S.; VAN DER SCHOUW, YVONNE T.; ONLAND-MORET, N. CHARLOTTE; SHARP, STEPHEN J.; ONG, KEN K.; KHAW, KAY-TEE; ARDANAZ, EVA; AMIANO, PILAR; BOEING, HEINER; CHIRLAQUE, MARIA-DOLORES; CLAVEL-CHAPELON, FRANÇOISE; CROWE, FRANCESCA L.; DE LAUZON-GUILLAIN, BLANDINE; DUELL, ERIC J.; FAGHERAZZI, GUY; FRANKS, PAUL W.; GRIONI, SARA; GROOP, LEIF C.; KAAKS, RUDOLF; KEY, TIMOTHY J.
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE--Age at menopause is an important determinant of future health outcomes, but little is known about its relationship with type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of menopausal age and reproductive life span (menopausal age minus menarcheal age) with diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Data were obtained from the InterAct study, a prospective case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. A total of 3,691 postmenopausal type 2 diabetic case subjects and 4,408 subcohort members were included in the analysis, with a median follow-up of 11 years. Prentice weighted Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, known risk factors for diabetes, and reproductive factors, and effect modification by BMI, waist circumference, and smoking was studied. RESULTS--Mean (SD) age of the subcohort was 59.2 (5.8) years. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios (HRs) of type 2 diabetes were 1.32 (95%CI 1.04-1.69), 1.09 (0.90-1.31), 0.97 (0.86-1.10), and 0.85 (0.70-1.03) for women with menopause at ages ,40, 40-44, 45-49, and $55 years, respectively, relative to those with menopause at age 50-54 years. The HR per SD younger age atmenopause was 1.08 (1.02-1.14). Similarly, a shorter reproductive life span was associated with a higher diabetes risk (HR per SD lower reproductive life span 1.06 [1.01-1.12]). No effect modification by BMI, waist circumference, or smoking was observed (P interaction all . 0.05). CONCLUSIONS--Early menopause is associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors; MENOPAUSE; HUMAN reproduction; MENARCHE; MENSTRUATION
- Publication
Diabetes Care, 2013, Vol 36, Issue 4, p1012
- ISSN
0149-5992
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2337/dc12-1020