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- Title
Immunity elicited by natural infection or Ad26.COV2.S vaccination protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
- Authors
Tostanoski, Lisa H.; Yu, Jingyou; Mercado, Noe B.; McMahan, Katherine; Jacob-Dolan, Catherine; Martinot, Amanda J.; Piedra-Mora, Cesar; Anioke, Tochi; Chang, Aiquan; Giffin, Victoria M.; Hope, David L.; Wan, Huahua; Bondzie, Esther A.; Mahrokhian, Shant H.; Wrijil, Linda M.; Bauer, Katherine; Pessaint, Laurent; Porto, Maciel; Piegols, Joseph; Faudree, Andrew
- Abstract
Resisting rechallenge: Prior infection and vaccination have been shown to elicit immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the extent to which prior infection or vaccination protects against variants of concern is unclear. In this pair of manuscripts, Chandrashekar et al. and Tostanoski et al. evaluated the ability of infection with the WA1/2020 strain to protect rhesus macaques and hamsters against secondary challenge with other strains of SARS-CoV-2. In both cases, prior infection elicited immunity that could protect against infection with heterologous strains. In addition, Tostanoski et al. showed that vaccination with Ad.26.COV2.S protected hamsters against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Together, these data show that prior infection and vaccination are protective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern have emerged and may pose a threat to both the efficacy of vaccines based on the original WA1/2020 strain and the natural immunity induced by infection with earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants. We investigated how mutations in the spike protein of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, which have been shown to partially evade neutralizing antibodies, affect natural and vaccine-induced immunity. We adapted a Syrian hamster model of moderate to severe clinical disease for two variant strains of SARS-CoV-2: B.1.1.7 (alpha variant) and B.1.351 (beta variant). We then assessed the protective efficacy conferred by either natural immunity from WA1/2020 infection or by vaccination with a single dose of the adenovirus serotype 26 vaccine, Ad26.COV2.S. Primary infection with the WA1/2020 strain provided potent protection against weight loss and viral replication in lungs after rechallenge with WA1/2020, B.1.1.7, or B.1.351. Ad26.COV2.S induced cross-reactive binding and neutralizing antibodies that were reduced against the B.1.351 strain compared with WA1/2020 but nevertheless still provided robust protection against B.1.351 challenge, as measured by weight loss and pathology scoring in the lungs. Together, these data support hamsters as a preclinical model to study protection against emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 conferred by prior infection or vaccination.
- Subjects
HAMSTERS; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; GOLDEN hamster; NATURAL immunity; VACCINATION; VACCINE effectiveness; RHESUS monkeys
- Publication
Science Translational Medicine, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 618, p1
- ISSN
1946-6234
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1126/scitranslmed.abj3789