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- Title
Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> on Hospital Length of Stay in Critically III Patients With Vitamin D Deficiency.
- Authors
Amrein, Karin; Schnedl, Christian; Holl, Alexander; Riedl, Regina; Christopher, Kenneth B.; Pachler, Christoph; Urbanic Purkart, Tadeja; Waltensdorfer, Andreas; Münch, Andreas; Warnkross, Helga; Stojakovic, Tatjana; Bisping, Egbert; Toller, Wolfgang; Smolle, Karl-Heinz; Berghold, Andrea; Pieber, Thomas R.; Dobnig, Harald
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE Low vitamin D status is linked to increased mortality and morbidity in patients jama.com who are critically ill. It is unknown if this association is causal. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a vitamin D3 treatment regimen intended to restore and maintain normal vitamin D status over 6 months is of health benefit for patients in ICUs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center trial, conducted from May 2010 through September 2012 at 5 ICUs that included a medical and surgical population of 492 critically ill adult white patients with vitamin D deficiency (≤20 ng/mL) assigned to receive either vitamin D3 (n = 249) or a placebo (n = 243). INTERVENTIONS Vitamin D3 or placebo was given orally or via nasogastric tube once at a dose of 540 000 IU followed by monthly maintenance doses of 90 000 IU for 5 months. m a in OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was hospital length of stay. Secondary outcomes included, among others, length of ICU stay, the percentage of patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels higher than 30 ng/mL at day 7, hospital mortality, and 6-month mortality. A predefined severe vitamin D deficiency (≤12 ng/mL) subgroup analysis was specified before data unblinding and analysis. RESULTS A total of 475 patients were included in the final analysis (237 in the vitamin D3 group and 238 in the placebo group). The median (IQR) length of hospital stay was not significantly different between groups (20.1 days [IQR, 11.1-33.3] for vitamin D3 vs 19.3 days [IQR, 11.1-34.9] for placebo; P = .98). Hospital mortality and 6-month mortality were also not significantly different (hospital mortality: 28.3% [95% Cl, 22.6%-34.5%] for vitamin D3 vs 35.3% [95% Cl, 29.2%-41.7%] for placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.81 [95% Cl, 0.58-1.11]; P = .18; 6-month mortality: 35.0% [95% Cl, 29.0%-41.5%] for vitamin D3 vs 42.9% [95% Cl, 36.5%-49.4%] for placebo; HR, 0.78 [95% Cl, 0.58-1.04]; P= .09). For the severe vitamin D deficiency subgroup analysis (n = 200), length of hospital stay was not significantly different between the 2 study groups: 20.1 days (IQR, 12.9-39.1) for vitamin D3 vs 19.0 days (IQR, 11.6-33.8) for placebo. Hospital mortality was significantly lower with 28 deaths among 98 patients (28.6% [95% Cl, 19.9%-38.6%]) for vitamin D3 compared with 47 deaths among 102 patients (46.1% [95% Cl, 36.2%-56.2%]) for placebo (HR, 0.56 [95% Cl, 0.35-0.90], P for interaction = .04), but not 6-month mortality (34.7% [95% Cl, 25.4%-45.0%] for vitamin D3 vs 50.0% [95% Cl, 39.9%-60.1%] for placebo; HR, 0.60 [95% Cl, 0.39-0.93], Pfor interaction = .12). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among critically ill patients with vitamin D deficiency, administration o f high-dose vitamin D3 compared with placebo did not reduce hospital length of stay, hospital mortality, or 6-month mortality. Lower hospital mortality was observed in the severe vitamin D deficiency subgroup, but this finding should be considered hypothesis generating and requires further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01130181
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin D; LENGTH of stay in hospitals; CRITICALLY ill; VITAMIN D deficiency; VITAMIN deficiency; MORTALITY risk factors; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014, Vol 312, Issue 15, p1520
- ISSN
0098-7484
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jama.2014.13204