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- Title
Mediation analysis for common binary outcomes.
- Authors
Gaynor, Sheila M.; Schwartz, Joel; Lin, Xihong
- Abstract
Mediation analysis provides an attractive causal inference framework to decompose the total effect of an exposure on an outcome into natural direct effects and natural indirect effects acting through a mediator. For binary outcomes, mediation analysis methods have been developed using logistic regression when the binary outcome is rare. These methods will not hold in practice when a disease is common. In this paper, we develop mediation analysis methods that relax the rare disease assumption when using logistic regression. We calculate the natural direct and indirect effects for common diseases by exploiting the relationship between logit and probit models. Specifically, we derive closed-form expressions for the natural direct and indirect effects on the odds ratio scale. Mediation models for both continuous and binary mediators are considered. We demonstrate through simulation that the proposed method performs well for common binary outcomes. We apply the proposed methods to analyze the Normative Aging Study to identify DNA methylation sites that are mediators of smoking behavior on the outcome of obstructed airway function.
- Publication
Statistics in Medicine, 2019, Vol 38, Issue 4, p512
- ISSN
0277-6715
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/sim.7945