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- Title
Racial Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Prelavence and Correlates Among Overweight Adolescents.
- Authors
Nesmith, James D.; Spencer, H. J.; Harris, Margaret M.; Barrett, Kathleen W.; Kern, Philip A.; Elbein, Steven C.
- Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a newly recognized and poorly characterized condition in adolescents. Little is known regarding racial differences in traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors across different glycemia groups in overweight adolescents. We studied 137 (54% African American, AA; 46% Caucasian) overweight adolescents (BMI > 85%ile) ages 13-18 years for features and correlates of the MetS. Eighteen of our study group had known diabetes mellitus (DM) upon entry into the study. All subjects received anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein, triglycerides (TG), TNF-α, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Non-diabetic subjects underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test. We categorized the study group into four glycemic classes based on tertile of fasting glucose (groups 1-3) or DM (group 4). We defined MetS as having 3 or more of the following: 1) waist circumference (WC) > 75%ile for ethnicity, age, and gender; 2) TG>100 mg/dl; 3) HDL<50 mg/dl for females, HDL<45mg/dl for males; 4) BP>90%ile for gender, age, and ht; 5) fasting blood glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl. The overall prevalence of MetS was 49.6%. MetS was more common among Caucasian than AA adolescents (58.7% vs. 41.9%). Furthermore, whereas the prevalence of MetS increased across the 4 glycemic classes in AA (12.0%, 41.2%, 59.1%, 80.0%), this trend was less apparent among Caucasian adolescents (52.9%, 63.1%, 50.0%, and 77.8%). We tested for a trend across glycemic groups for waist:hip ratio (WHR), WC, blood pressure, lipids, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, adiponectin, and CRP. We found significant trends in Caucasian adolescents for WHR (p<0.005), WC (p<0.03), HOMA-IR (p<0.05), TNF-α (p<0.001), and adiponectin (p<0.0002), and among AA adolescents for WHR (p<0.002), WC (p<0.02), SBP (p<0.0002), TG (p<0.006), and HOMA-IR (p<0.02). Surprisingly, AA showed no significant trend for either adiponectin (p=0.42) or TNF-α (p=0.87). Both the prevalence and correlates of MetS differ between Caucasian and AA overweight adolescents. In AA adolescents, MetS correlates strongly with prevalent glycemia, whereas in Caucasian adolescents MetS is more correlated with inflammation.
- Subjects
METABOLIC syndrome; RACIAL differences; ADOLESCENT obesity; OVERWEIGHT persons; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; HEALTH
- Publication
Diabetes, 2007, Vol 56, pA470
- ISSN
0012-1797
- Publication type
Article