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- Title
Degradation of limonene and trans-cinnamaldehyde in soil, and detection of their metabolites by UHPLC and GC-HRMS.
- Authors
Reyes-Ávila, Alba; Garrido Frenich, Antonia; Romero-González, Roberto
- Abstract
Two commercial biopesticides were studied to determine their persistence in two soil types, such as sandy clay loam and clay loam soils. For this purpose, an orange oil–based biopesticide was used, being limonene its main ingredient. The other biopesticide was based on cinnamon extract and trans-cinnamaldehyde as its main component. Degradation of these compounds was monitored, and transformation products or metabolites were detected. Limonene and its metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and trans-cinnamaldehyde by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Both techniques were coupled to a high-resolution mass (HRMS) analyzer, such as quadrupole (Q)-Orbitrap. Limonene and trans-cinnamaldehyde were rapidly degraded as result of first-order kinetics. Possible metabolites such as thymol, cymene, isoterpinolene and cymenene for limonene, and hydroxycinnamic acid for trans-cinnamaldehyde were tentatively identified. Moreover, four other metabolites of trans-cinnamaldehyde, some of them not previously described, were also detected.
- Subjects
LIMONENE; METABOLITES; CLAY loam soils; HYDROXYCINNAMIC acids; CYMENE
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2024, Vol 31, Issue 22, p33058
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-024-33334-6