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- Title
Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar.
- Authors
Hanif, Muhammad Adli; Ibrahim, Naimah; Dahalan, Farrah Aini; Md. Ali, Umi Fazara; Hasan, Masitah; Azhari, Ayu Wazira; Jalil, Aishah Abdul
- Abstract
Microplastic (MP) is an emerging contaminant of concern due to its ubiquitous quantity in the environment, small size, and potential toxicity due to strong affinity towards other contaminants. In this work, MP particles (5–300 μm) were extracted from a commercial facial cleanser and determined to be irregular polyethylene (PE) microbeads based on characterization with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The potential of extracted MP acting as toxic pollutants' vector was analyzed via adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange dye where significant dye uptake was observed. Synthetic wastewater containing the extracted MP was subjected to a continuous-flow column study using palm kernel shell and coconut shell biochar as the filter/adsorbent media. The prepared biochar was characterized via proximate and ultimate analysis, FESEM, contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the role of the biochar properties in MP removal. MP removal performance was determined by measuring the turbidity and weighing the dry mass of particles remaining in the effluent following treatment. Promising results were obtained from the study with highest removal of MP (96.65%) attained through palm kernel shell biochar with particle size of 0.6–1.18 mm and continuous-flow column size of 20 mm.
- Subjects
PLASTIC marine debris; BIOCHAR; FACIAL cleansers; FIELD emission electron microscopy; AGRICULTURE; MICROPLASTICS; WATER purification
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2023, Vol 30, Issue 21, p60106
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-023-26741-8