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- Title
Acid-washed zero-valent aluminum as a highly efficient persulfate activator for degradation of phenacetin.
- Authors
Wu, Junxue; Wang, Bin; Qu, Han; Wang, Fang; Duan, Lei; Yu, Gang
- Abstract
Phenacetin (PNT) is one of the most frequently detected nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the water ecosystems, which poses a potential risk to environmental aquatic organisms. Acid-washed zero-valent aluminum (ZVAl) as a highly efficient activator for persulfate (PS) process was investigated to degrade PNT from the aqueous solution. The results indicated that acid-washed pretreatment for ZVAl could efficiently increase the degradation efficiency of PNT in the PS treatment. The degradation efficiency of PNT (50 μM) was up to 90% in 4 hours with the addition of 0.2 g/L acid-washed ZVAl and 8 mM PS at pH 6.8 and 25 °C. The PNT degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics in the present system. High activator dosage, PS concentration, and reaction temperature could enhance the PNT degradation. The presence of inorganic anions (i.e., NO3-, HCO3-) and humic acid (HA) showed inhibitory effects on the PNT degradation. The reuse results illustrated the acid-washed ZVAl material would have continuous and efficient activation performance for PS to degrade the PNT. Radical scavenger experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance indicated that both SO4•- and •OH were major reactive species during the PNT degradation. The possible degradation pathways of PNT mainly included the break of C–N and C–O bonds and further oxidation.
- Subjects
PHENACETIN; ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance; HUMIC acid; ALUMINUM; ENVIRONMENTAL risk; AQUEOUS solutions
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2023, Vol 30, Issue 7, p19439
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-022-23473-z